
Moving from hot-work tool steels into the territory of high-performance superalloys, UNS N08825 (universally known as Incoloy 825 or W.Nr. 2.4858) is a premium nickel-iron-chromium austenitic alloy. Engineered with critical additions of molybdenum, copper, and titanium, this grade is designed specifically to conquer exceptionally aggressive, highly corrosive industrial environments rather than mechanical wear or high thermal shock.
Here is a comprehensive technical breakdown of N08825 / 2.4858 round bars.
The key to Incoloy 825's versatility is its carefully balanced "hybrid" base of Nickel and Iron, paired with unique localized corrosion fighters.
| Element | Nickel (Ni) | Iron (Fe) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Copper (Cu) | Titanium (Ti) |
| Percentage | 38.0 46.0% | 22.0% min (Balance) | 19.5 23.5% | 2.50 3.50% | 1.50 3.00% | 0.60 1.20% |
The High Nickel (38-46%): Provides foundational immunity to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking (SCC), a notorious failure point for standard stainless steels in marine and chemical environments.
The Copper addition (1.5-3.0%): Grants outstanding resistance to highly reducing acids, most notably sulfuric and phosphoric acids.
The Molybdenum content (2.5-3.5%): Drastically reduces susceptibility to localized chloride attacks like pitting and crevice corrosion.
The Titanium stabilization (0.6-1.2%): Reacts preferentially with carbon to form titanium carbides. This completely blocks chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries during welding, keeping the heat-affected zone (HAZ) completely immune to intergranular corrosion.
When purchasing, tracking, or manufacturing with N08825 round bars, they are typically certified to the following global standards:
UNS: N08825
Werkstoff Nummer (W.Nr.): 2.4858
EN ISO Alphanumeric: NiCr21Mo
ASTM / ASME: B425 / SB425 (Standard Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy Rod and Bar)
NACE Compliance: Approved under NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 for sour gas service in petroleum applications.
Unlike tool steels, Incoloy 825 cannot be hardened via heat treatment; it derives its strength from solid-solution strengthening and can be further strengthened via cold working.
Density: $8.14 text{ g/cm}^3$ ($0.294 text{ lb/in}^3$)
Melting Range: 1370C 1400C (2500F 2550F)
Tensile Strength: $ge 550 text{ MPa}$ ($80 text{ ksi}$)
Yield Strength (0.2% Offset): $ge 220 text{ MPa}$ ($32 text{ ksi}$)
Elongation: $ge 30%$
Typical Annealed Hardness: ~135165 HBW
Work Hardening: N08825 work-hardens rapidly during machining, much like standard austenitic stainless steels but to a higher degree. Heavy, continuous feeds, sharp tooling, and low cutting speeds are mandatory to prevent the tool from glazing over a hardened surface layer.
Hot Forming: Hot-working should be executed between 870C and 1180C (1600F to 2150F). For maximum corrosion performance, the final hot-work pass should stay within the 870C to 980C window, followed immediately by rapid air or water cooling.
Annealing (Solution Treatment): Done at 940C 980C (1725F 1800F) followed by a rapid air cool or water quench to restore optimal corrosion resistance.
Because of its broad chemical resistance profile, Incoloy 825 round bars are primarily machined into components for:
Oil & Gas Extraction: Sub-surface safety valves, pump shafts, downhole equipment, and wellheads operating in sour gas ($text{H}_2text{S}$) and high-chloride environments.
Chemical Processing Plants: Agitators, pump impellers, valves, and fasteners handling hot sulfuric, nitric, or phosphoric acid mixtures.
Pollution Control Systems: Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers and damper components dealing with highly corrosive condensed exhaust acids.
Nuclear Processing: Fuel element dissolvers and components designed to handle radioactive wastes safely.
Marine Engineering: High-durability propeller shafts, marine fasteners, and heat exchanger internals.
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