EUEN DIN ONORM C35 Alloy Bar C35 Round Bars AFNOR C35 Rods

Product Description

C35 (1.0501) Medium-Carbon Steel Overview

C35 is a versatile medium-carbon unalloyed steel widely utilized across European engineering sectors. Depending on the national standard (DIN, AFNOR, ÖNORM), it may be designated as C35,Ck35, or XC38. It is categorized as a "special" or "quality" steel under EN 10083-2, meaning it has controlled chemical composition and purity to ensure consistent performance during heat treatment and machining.

It sits in the "sweet spot" of carbon steels: it is stronger and more responsive to hardening than mild steel, yet remains significantly tougher and more weldable than high-carbon grades like C45 or C60.

Chemical Composition (%)

The chemical balance is designed to provide reliable through-hardening for small sections and excellent induction hardening for larger components.

Mechanical Properties (Typical)

The properties vary based on the heat treatment condition. For a standard diameter round bar ($16 < d \le 100$ mm):

International & Regional Designations

While the European Union (EUEN) has largely unified these under the 1.0501 material number, you will still encounter these regional designations:

• DIN (Germany): C35 or Ck35 (1.1181 for the high-purity version).

• AFNOR (France): XC38 or C35.

• ÖNORM (Austria): C35.

• AISI/SAE (USA): 1035.

• JIS (Japan): S35C.

Key Characteristics

1. Machinability: C35 is highly favored for high-speed machining. In its normalized state, it produces a clean surface finish and has a machinability rating of approximately 70% compared to free-cutting steels.

2. Heat Treatment: It is primarily a through-hardening steel for smaller cross-sections. For larger shafts, it is excellent for induction or flame hardening, achieving a surface hardness of 50–55 HRC.

3. Weldability:Moderate. Due to the carbon content ($0.35\%$), there is a risk of cold cracking. It is advisable to pre-heat to 150°C–200°C and allow for slow cooling after welding.

4. Ductility: It maintains excellent impact resistance, making it suitable for parts subjected to moderate shock or vibration.

Common Available Formats

• Round Bars: Available as hot-rolled (black), peeled, or bright-drawn (precision). These are the industry standard for manufacturing axles, shafts, and spindles.

• Rods: Commonly used for high-strength threaded rods, pins, and as starting stock for forging.

• Forgings: Popular for drop-forged levers, connecting rods, and crankshafts in the automotive and machinery sectors.

Common Applications

• Mechanical Engineering: Gears, transmission shafts, spindles, and racks.

• Automotive: Steering knuckles, levers, and small-to-medium axles.

• Construction: High-tensile bolts (Class 8.8 when heat-treated), tie rods, and structural pins.

• Agriculture: Components for plows and structural frames of farming equipment.

Thermal Processing Data

• Forging: 850°C – 1100°C.

• Normalizing: 860°C – 890°C.

• Annealing (Soft): 650°C – 700°C.

• Hardening: 840°C – 880°C (Quench in Water or Oil).

• Tempering: 550°C – 660°C (Adjusted based on desired final strength).