
AFNOR 42CD4 (commonly categorized today under the European standard as 42CrMo4 or material number 1.7225) is arguably the most widely used high-tensile chrome-moly engineering steel in industrial manufacturing.
Featuring a mid-range carbon content (around 0.42%), 42CD4 is designed primarily as a through-hardening alloy. It hits an exceptional balance of high strength, excellent fatigue limits, and high impact toughness, making it the bedrock material for components that must endure continuous, punishing mechanical loads without succumbing to structural failure.
Because 42CD4 is an absolute staple across international supply chains, it directly corresponds to these major global standards:
USA (AISI/SAE): AISI 4140 / UNS G41400
Germany (DIN / WNr): 42CrMo4 / 1.7225
UK (BS): 708M40 (En19)
Japan (JIS): SCM440
Italy (UNI): 42CrMo4
The synchronized blend of chromium and molybdenum provides excellent depth of hardenability when quenched, while the 0.42% carbon allows the alloy to reach high tensile profiles without becoming inherently brittle.
| Carbon (C) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Manganese (Mn) | Silicon (Si) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) |
| 0.38% 0.45% | 0.90% 1.20% | 0.15% 0.30% | 0.60% 0.90% | 0.40% | 0.025% | 0.035% |
42CD4 round bars are most frequently specified and delivered in the Quenched and Tempered (+QT) conditionspecifically targeting Condition T, which optimizes the microstructure into tempered martensite.
Tensile Strength ($R_m$): 850 1000 MPa (N/mm)
Yield Strength ($R_{e}$): 650 MPa
Elongation ($A_5$): 13%
Impact Energy (Charpy-V): 50 J
Hardness Range: 248 302 HBW (Pre-hardened supply condition)
Uniform Hardenability: While it doesn't have the massive cross-sectional hardening depth of nickel-bearing steels like 4340 (EN24), it through-hardens beautifully in typical bar diameters (up to roughly 100mm) via oil quenching.
Surface Hardening Responsiveness: For components requiring high localized wear resistance, 42CD4 responds incredibly well to induction hardening or nitriding, elevating localized surface hardness up to 5560 HRC while leaving the high-tensile core completely intact.
Machinability: In the standard pre-hardened condition (Condition T), it exhibits very predictable and clean chip formation when paired with modern coated carbide tooling.
Fabrication Warning: Due to the higher carbon level, 42CD4 is not easily welded. If welding is absolutely unavoidable, it requires strict pre-heating ($200text{C} - 300text{C}$) and immediate post-weld stress relieving to prevent heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking.
Because it handles intense torsional stress, high pressures, and repetitive shock brilliantly, 42CD4 bars are heavily utilized for:
Power Transmission: High-torque drive shafts, axles, crankshafts, connector rods, and industrial gears.
Fasteners & Clamping: High-tensile studs, heavy-duty structural bolts, tie-rods, and specialized double-bolted clamping bars.
Oil & Gas Hardgoods: Drill collars, valve blocks, tool joints, and high-pressure stage adapters.
Machine Tooling: Ejector pins, tool holders, structural wear rings, and high-load hydraulic piston rods.
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