
Welded square pipes are divided into structural framing, mechanical components, and decorative/architectural tubing based on international standards:
| Standard / Grade | Type | Key Features & Applications | Yield Strength (min) |
| ASTM A500 (Gr. B & C) | Structural | Cold-formed welded tubing for bridges, building frames, trailer chassis | Grade B: 46 ksi (315 MPa) Grade C: 50 ksi (345 MPa) |
| ASTM A513 (Type 1 & 2) | Mechanical | ERW carbon steel tubing for furniture, automotive frames, appliances | Depends on temper / carbon content |
| EN 10219 / EN 10210 | Structural | European standard for cold-formed (10219) or hot-finished (10210) hollow sections | S235JRH to S355J2H (235355 MPa) |
| ASTM A554 | Stainless | Ornamental welded square tubing (304/304L, 316/316L) for handrails & architectural trim | As-welded or polished |
Continuous Cold Roll Forming (Standard ERW):
A continuous steel strip is gradually bent into a round tube, high-frequency welded along the seam, and then immediately passed through sizing rolls that square the sides and form the corner radii.
Direct-to-Square Forming:
The strip is formed directly into a square cross-section before welding. This reduces stress concentrations at the corners and allows for tighter wall thickness consistency across the profile.
Hot Finishing (e.g., EN 10210):
Cold-formed ERW square tubes are reheated into the austenitic temperature range to relieve internal cold-working stresses. This produces consistent mechanical properties across the flat walls and the corners, making them suitable for high-dynamic-load or low-temperature structural applications.
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