SS 431 Round 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 Bars

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Application Construction, Engineering, Automobile, Oil & Gas, Aerospace
Length 100 mm to 6000 mm or as required
Tolerance H9, H11, K12 or as per requirement
Standard ASTM A276 / A479, EN 10088-3, DIN 1.4057
Type Round Bar
Finish Bright, Polished, Black, Peeled, Turned
Technique Hot Rolled, Cold Drawn
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SS 431 Round 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 Bars Price And Quantity

Minimum Order Quantity 1 Piece

SS 431 Round 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 Bars Product Specifications

Diameter 4 mm to 350 mm
Material Stainless Steel (SS) 431
Specific Use Shafts, Marine Components, Valves and Pump Parts
Grade 431, X17CrNi16-2
Processing Forged, Rolled, Annealed, Heat Treated
Finish Bright, Polished, Black, Peeled, Turned
Technique Hot Rolled, Cold Drawn
Standard ASTM A276 / A479, EN 10088-3, DIN 1.4057
Type Round Bar
Tolerance H9, H11, K12 or as per requirement
Application Construction, Engineering, Automobile, Oil & Gas, Aerospace
Length 100 mm to 6000 mm or as required

Heat Treatment Quenched and Tempered
Magnetic Properties Magnetic in all conditions
Elongation 15% at 50 mm
Density 7.75 g/cm3
Tensile Strength 750 - 1000 MPa
Packaging Bundled, Wooden Boxes, Export Worthy Packing
Surface Condition Free from surface cracks and laps
Hardness 200-280 HBW (Brinell)
Corrosion Resistance Good to Excellent
Yield Strength 500 MPa
Operating Temperature Up to 600C

Product Description

AISI 431 (commonly specified by its European equivalents 1.4057 and X17CrNi16-2) is a high-chromium, low-nickel, hardenable martensitic stainless steel.

Among the standard 400-series martensitic grades (like 410 and 420), Type 431 stands out because its nickel addition ( $1.50%text{ to }2.50%$ ) drastically improves its impact toughness and torque strength. Furthermore, its higher chromium content ( $15.00%text{ to }17.00%$ ) gives it the highest corrosion resistance of any conventional, heat-treatable martensitic stainless steelapproaching the baseline performance of 304 austenitic steel in many mild environments.

1. Chemical Composition Cross-Reference (Weight %)

The strict coordination between the American (AISI) and European (EN/DIN) standards ensures a highly clean chemistry designed to minimize delta-ferrite retention, which can otherwise compromise toughness.

Element	AISI 431 (UNS S43100)	EN 1.4057 / X17CrNi16-2	Metallurgical Purpose
Chromium (Cr)	15.00% 17.00%	15.00% 17.00%	Maximizes passive film protection and scaling resistance.
Nickel (Ni)	1.50% 2.50%	1.50% 2.50%	Widens the austenite field, refines grain, and drastically raises toughness.
Carbon (C)	0.20% Max	0.12% 0.22%	Ensures strong martensitic response during hardening.
Manganese (Mn)	1.00% Max	1.50% Max	Deoxidizer; enhances depth of hardenability.
Silicon (Si)	1.00% Max	1.00% Max	Enhances baseline oxidation resistance.
Phosphorus/Sulfur	P: 0.04% / S: 0.03% Max	P: 0.04% / S: 0.015% Max	Restricted to clean limits to protect against hot shortness.

2. Mechanical Properties (Typical Condition QT 800 & QT 900)

European standards typically mandate delivery of 1.4057 round bars in a specific Quenched and Tempered (QT) condition. The two most common industrial heat-treat designations are QT 800 and QT 900 (where the number designates the minimum tensile strength in MPa):

Mechanical Property	QT 800 Condition	QT 900 Condition
Tensile Strength ( $R_m$ )	$800 - 950 text{ MPa}$ ( $116 - 138 text{ ksi}$ )	$900 - 1050 text{ MPa}$ ( $130 - 152 text{ ksi}$ )
Yield Strength ( $R_{p0.2}$ )	$ge 600 text{ MPa}$ $ge 87 text{ ksi}$ )	$ge 700 text{ MPa}$ ( $ge 101 text{ ksi}$ )
Elongation ( $A_5$ )	$ge 14%$ (Longitudinal)	$ge 12%$ (Longitudinal)
Impact Energy (Charpy-V)	$ge 45 text{ Joules}	$ge 25 text{ Joules}$
Brinell Hardness (HBW)	$240 - 295 text{ HBW}	$280 - 340 text{ HBW}$

3. Metallurgical Realities & Heat Treatment

The Dual-Phase Risk (Delta Ferrite)

Because Chromium is a strong ferrite-stabilizer and Nickel is an austenite-stabilizer, any chemical imbalance or improper heating can trap pockets of Delta Ferrite within the hardened martensite matrix. Delta ferrite aligns in stringers along the rolling direction of round bars, introducing directional weaknesses and reducing transverse impact toughness. Premium mills use tight chemical control to guarantee a virtually 100% martensitic matrix post-quench.

Heat Treatment Parameters

Austenitizing: Heated slowly to $980^circtext{C} - 1030^circtext{C}$ ( $1796^circtext{F} - 1886^circtext{F}$ ), followed by an oil or air quench.
Tempering: Typically carried out in two windows:
- For Maximum Hardness/Strength: Temper at $204^circtext{C} - 300^circtext{C}$ to achieve up to 44 HRC.
- For Structural Toughness (QT Conditions): Temper at $600^circtext{C} - 650^circtext{C}$ .
Temper Embrittlement Warning: Just like 410 and 420, never temper 431 between $425^circtext{C}$ and $550^circtext{C}$ . This causes severe interstitial precipitation that destroys the alloy's corrosion resistance and impact properties.

4. Fabrication Constraints

Machinability: In the annealed state, it rates around 40% of AISI 1212. It is tough and highly prone to galling or tearing against the tool edge. It produces long, stringy chips; rigid tooling configurations, constant feeds, and chlorinated sulfurized lubricants are heavily recommended.
Welding: High air-hardenability makes welding Type 431 exceptionally difficult. If structural welding cannot be avoided, preheating to $200^circtext{C} - 300^circtext{C}$ is mandatory, followed immediately by a post-weld sub-critical anneal at $650^circtext{C}$ before the component cools to room temperature.

5. Procurement & International Compliance Standards

When reviewing mill test certificates (MTRs) or drawing blocks for 1.4057 / 431 bars, compliance usually verifies against:

Standard Organization	Specification	Product Form Context
European (EN)	EN 10088-3	Stainless steels - Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, and wire.
ASTM	ASTM A276 / A276M	Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes.
ASTM / ASME	ASTM A479 / SA479	For bars used in boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear applications.
SAE / AMS	AMS 5628	Aerospace material specification for premium 431 bars and forgings.

Typical Applications

Due to its unique positioning as a high-strength, highly corrosion-resistant martensitic steel, 1.4057 round bars are heavily utilized in marine and aggressive industrial environments:

Marine Architecture: Propeller shafts, drive shafts, and high-load marine fasteners/bolts.
Aerospace Engineering: Aircraft structural fasteners, bomb racks, and valve components.
Chemical & Pump Industries: Heavy-duty pump rotors, mixer shafts, valve stems, and piston rods handling mildly corrosive chemical media.

Superior Mechanical Properties for Critical Applications

The SS 431 Round Bars offer an impressive combination of tensile strength (up to 1000 MPa) and magnetic properties, making them highly suitable for shafts, marine components, and critical engineering applications. The quenched and tempered condition ensures reliability under high stress and varied operating environments.

Versatile Sizing and Finish Options

Available in diameters from 4 mm to 350 mm and lengths up to 6000 mm, these bars cater to diverse project needs. Customers can choose from a range of finishes-bright, polished, black, peeled, or turned-to ensure optimal performance and desired aesthetic for each application.

Corrosion Resistance and Heat Tolerance

Produced from high-grade stainless steel X17CrNi16-2, these bars maintain corrosion resistance under challenging conditions. With an operational range up to 600C and excellent surface quality, SS 431 bars are ideal for oil & gas, aerospace, and marine environments.

FAQ's of SS 431 Round 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 Bars:

Q: How are SS 431 Round Bars processed to achieve their mechanical strength and magnetic properties?

A: SS 431 Round Bars are manufactured using hot rolled or cold drawn techniques, followed by quenching and tempering. This processing not only yields high tensile and yield strength but also ensures their magnetic properties are maintained in all conditions.

Q: What industries commonly use SS 431 Round Bars and why?

A: Industries such as construction, engineering, automobile, oil & gas, aerospace, and marine frequently choose SS 431 Round Bars due to their robust mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and adaptability to both high-stress and corrosive operating environments.

Q: When should I opt for SS 431 over other stainless steel grades?

A: SS 431 is an excellent choice when both high strength and good corrosion resistance are required, especially for components like shafts, valves, and marine parts exposed to stress and varying environments. Its heat tolerance up to 600C makes it preferable over standard grades for elevated-temperature applications.

Q: Where can SS 431 Round Bars be used in marine applications?

A: Thanks to their outstanding combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, SS 431 Round Bars are extensively used in marine components such as propeller shafts, valve parts, and pump components that operate in seawater and coastal conditions.

Q: What packaging options are available for SS 431 Round Bars to ensure safe delivery?

A: SS 431 Round Bars are packaged in bundles, wooden boxes, or export-worthy packing to safeguard against damage during transportation and to conform with international shipping requirements.

Q: How does the surface condition of SS 431 Round Bars benefit end-users?

A: With surfaces free from cracks and laps, SS 431 Round Bars offer improved mechanical performance, easier fabrication, and enhanced aesthetics, making them especially reliable for high-precision and safety-critical components.

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