
Cast Iron (Grey Iron / Ductile Iron / Malleable Iron) is an iron-carbon-silicon alloy widely used in heavy machinery, automotive braking components, and structural castings due to its high wear resistance, excellent damping capacity, and high compressive strength.
Chemical Composition Data
| Element | Minimum Value | Maximum Value | Nominal / Role |
| Iron | 91.00 | 94.50 | Balance base element |
| Carbon | 2.50 | 4.00 | Free graphite formation / fluidity |
| Silicon | 1.00 | 3.00 | Graphitizing element / matrix modifier |
| Manganese | 0.20 | 1.00 | Deoxidizer / pearlite stabilizer |
| Phosphorus | 0.02 | 0.90 | Impurity limit / fluidity modifier |
| Sulfur | 0.02 | 0.25 | Impurity limit |
| Chromium | 0.00 | 0.35 | Matrix hardener (trace additive/limit) |
| Copper | 0.00 | 1.00 | Pearlite promoter (optional additive) |
Material & Standard Specification Identifiers
UNS Designation: F10001 to F47003 (covers grey, ductile, and malleable grades)
Werkstoff Number: 0.6015 (GG-15), 0.6020 (GG-20), 0.6025 (GG-25), 0.7040 (GGG-40)
EN / DIN Standard Designation: EN-GJL-150, EN-GJL-200, EN-GJL-250, EN-GJS-400-15
ISO Designation: ISO 185 (Grey Iron), ISO 1083 (Ductile Iron)
Common Industry Names: Grey Cast Iron, Class 30 / Class 35 Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Spheroidal Graphite Iron
ASTM Specifications: A48 (Grey Iron), A536 (Ductile Iron), A159 (Automotive Castings), A668
SAE Specifications: J431 (Automotive Grey Iron)
Physical & Mechanical Property Data
| Property Parameter | Metric Value | Imperial Value |
| Density | 6.80 to 7.30 | 0.245 to 0.263 |
| Melting Point Range Low | 1150 | 2100 |
| Melting Point Range High | 1250 | 2280 |
| Tensile Strength Grey Iron Class 30 | 200 to 250 | 30 to 36 |
| Tensile Strength Grey Iron Class 35 | 240 to 300 | 35 to 43 |
| Tensile Strength Ductile Iron 65-45-12 | 450 to 500 | 65 to 72 |
| Yield Strength 0.2 Percent Offset Ductile Iron | 310 to 380 | 45 to 55 |
| Elongation Percentage Grey Iron | 0.3 to 1.0 | 0.3 to 1.0 |
| Elongation Percentage Ductile Iron | 10 to 18 | 10 to 18 |
| Hardness Brinell | 160 to 260 | 160 to 260 |
Scrap Recycling & Material Sorting Data
Scrap Trade Category: ISRI Code "Cast Iron Scrap" / Heavy Breakable Cast Iron / Auto Cast (Rotor & Drum Scrap)
Primary Valuation Drivers: High iron base purity, carbon-silicon ratio, absence of steel/tin contamination, and minimal attachment residue (grease, brake pads, oil)
XRF Analyzer Verification Windows: Fe 91.0 to 95.0, Si 1.0 to 3.0, Mn 0.2 to 1.0, Cr under 0.35, low or trace Ni/Mo
Common Industrial Scrap Source Forms: Automotive brake rotors and drums, engine blocks, cylinder heads, flywheel castings, machine tool bases, heavy valve bodies, and soil pipes
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