
Alloy Steel Grade F91 and Grade P91 (commonly known as 9 Chrome 1 Moly Modified or Grade 91) are high-strength Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) alloy steels containing 9 percent Chromium, 1 percent Molybdenum, along with micro-alloying additions of Vanadium and Niobium (Columbium) designed for extreme-temperature steam power and process plant environments.
Chemical Composition
| Element Name | Minimum Range | Maximum Range |
| Chromium | 8.00 percent | 9.50 percent |
| Molybdenum | 0.85 percent | 1.05 percent |
| Manganese | 0.30 percent | 0.60 percent |
| Silicon | 0.20 percent | 0.50 percent |
| Nickel | None | 0.40 percent |
| Vanadium | 0.18 percent | 0.25 percent |
| Carbon | 0.08 percent | 0.12 percent |
| Niobium (Columbium) | 0.06 percent | 0.10 percent |
| Nitrogen | 0.030 percent | 0.070 percent |
| Phosphorus | None | 0.020 percent |
| Sulfur | None | 0.010 percent |
| Iron | Balance | Balance |
Material Specifications and Scrap Characteristics
Equivalent Standard Grades: ASTM A182 Grade F91 (Forgings), ASTM A335 Grade P91 (Seamless Pipe), ASTM A213 Grade T91 (Boiler Tubes), ASTM A217 Grade C12A (Castings), Werkstoff Number 1.4903.
Density: 7.80 grams per cubic centimeter.
Magnetic Response: Fully magnetic.
Typical Scrap Forms: Heavy wall main steam piping cutoffs, header pipe stubs, boiler tubes, valve bodies, forged flanges, turbine casings, and heavy plate crop ends.
Scrap Quality Requirements: Must consist of clean, solid scrap strictly segregated from standard Grade F9/P9 (non-vanadium modified 9 Chrome), 2 1/4 Chrome, or stainless steel grades; free of heavy oxidation, slag, oil, coatings, insulation materials, and non-ferrous attachments.
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